Imaging features of synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint: a report of 34 cases

•Imaging features of synovial chondromatosis the temporomandibular joint.•Lesion centre being located in superior joint space.•Popcorn and ring-and-arc calcification.•Self-limiting growth. AIMTo investigate imaging (TMJ), which is a rare benign arthropathy with cartilaginous proliferation.MATERIALS AND METHODSComputed tomography magnetic resonance examinations 34 patients histopathologically confirmed primary TMJ were reviewed retrospectively. Imaging including lesion epicentre, destruction/sclerosis surrounding bone, calcification, periosteal reaction, osteophyte, size, space dimensions assessed.RESULTSThirty-one thirty-four (91.2%) showed as epicentre. For mandibular condyle, more than one-third (14/34; 41.2%) no destruction, half (19/34; 55.9%) sclerosis. Conversely, >70% destruction sclerosis articular eminence/glenoid fossa, while >80% (28/34; 82.4%) presented various calcifications, (9/34; 26.5%) popcorn (13/34; 38.2%) types. The mean on affected side was significantly larger that unaffected (p<0.001). More three-fourths (76.9%) experienced interval increase size during an average 1.6 years follow-up.CONCLUSIONSynovial demonstrated several features, space, resultant fossa-oriented bone changes, widening, self-limiting These may be helpful differentiating from other lesions TMJ. To proliferation. Computed assessed. Thirty-one follow-up. Synovial